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Washington Physics Standards Correlation
View the pdf version
| Essential Academic Learning Requirements:
Science, Grade 9/10 |
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Note: Only Grade Level Expectations for Physical Systems are
listed below.
"W" indicates that the GLE is eligible for the WASL. |
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Physics for Scientists and
Engineers |
Principles of Physics |
Conceptual Physics |
| EALR
1 — SYSTEMS |
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| Component 1.1 Properties: Understand how properties are
used to identify, describe, and categorize substances, materials, and objects
and how characteristics are used to categorize living things. |
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| 1.1.1 Properties of
Substances |
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| Understand the atomic nature of matter, how it relates to
physical and chemical properties and serves as the basis for the structure
and use of the periodic table. W |
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| (10) Identify an unknown substance using the
substance’s physical and chemical properties. |
5.19, 5.20,
12.13 - 12.15, 14.25, 17.4, 19.11, 19.14, 19.17, 19.22, 19.26, 21.12, 21.17,
27.8, 27.11, 34.3, 37.2 |
5.19, 5.20,
12.12 - 12.14, 14.24, 17.4, 19.9, 19.12, 19.14, 19.19, 19.23, 21.11, 21.16,
27.5, 27.7, 36.2 |
5.17, 5.18,
11.7 - 11.8, 18.8, 18.11, 18.12, 18.15, 18.18, 25.5, 25.6, 32.2 |
| (10) Explain and predict the behavior of a substance
based upon the substance’s atomic structure, physical properties, and
chemical properties. |
Sections listed above and 21.15, 24.17, 34.1, 34.4, 34.5, 35.20,
Chapter 42 |
Sections listed above and 21.14, 24.17, 30.6, 34.16, Chapter 41 |
Sections listed above and 23.12, 28.6, 30.7, Chapter 36 |
| (10) Describe the properties of electrons, protons,
and neutrons (i.e., electrons have negative charge and very little mass,
protons have positive charge and much mass, neutrons have neutral charge and
the same mass as protons). |
44.3 |
43.3 |
38.3 |
| (10) Explain how changing the number of electrons,
neutrons, and protons of an atom affects that atom, including atomic name,
number, and placement on the periodic table. |
44.3 |
43.3 |
38.3 |
| (10) Explain the similar properties of elements in a
vertical column (groups or families) of the periodic table. |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
| (10) Predict the properties of an element based on the
element’s location (groups or families) on the periodic table. |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
| 1.1.2 Motion of Objects |
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| Apply an understanding of direction, speed, and
acceleration when describing the linear motion of objects. W |
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| (9) Describe the linear motion (speed, direction, and
acceleration) of an object over a given time interval relative to Earth or
some other object (e.g., as a car accelerates onto a freeway the car speeds
up from 30 km/hr to 90 km/hr in 10 sec.). |
Chapter 2 |
Chapter 2 |
Chapter 2 |
| (9) Determine and explain the average speed of an
object over a given time interval when the object is moving in a straight
line. |
2.3 - 2.4 |
2.3 - 2.4 |
2.3 - 2.4 |
| 1.1.3 Wave Behavior |
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| Analyze sound waves, water waves, and light waves using wave
properties, including frequency and energy. Understand wave interference. W |
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| (10) Describe the relationship between the wave
properties of amplitude and frequency and the energy of a wave (e.g., loud
vs. soft sound, high vs. low pitch sound, bright vs. dim light, blue light
vs. red light). |
16.4 - 16.6,
16.19, 17.2, 17.10, 35.1, 35.10 |
16.4 - 16.6,
17.2, 17.8, 34.1, 34.7 |
15.4 - 15.6,
16.2, 16.4, 30.1 |
| (10) Explain the relationship between a wave’s speed
and the properties of the substance through which the wave travels (e.g., all
sound regardless of loudness and pitch travels at the same speed in the same
air; a wave changes speed only when traveling from one substance to another). |
16.8,
17.4 - 17.7 |
16.8,
17.4 - 17.6 |
15.8 |
| (10) Predict and explain what happens to the pitch of
sound and color of light as the wave frequency increases or decreases. |
17.2 - 17.3, 35.1 |
17.2 - 17.3, 34.1 |
16.2 - 16.3, 30.1 |
| (10) Compare the properties of light waves, sound waves,
and water waves. |
Chapters 16, 17, 18, 35 |
Chapters 16, 17, 18, 34 |
Chapters 15, 16, 17, 30 |
| (10) Describe the effects of wave interference
(constructive and destructive). |
Chapters 18, 39, 40 |
Chapters 18, 38, 39 |
Chapters 17 & 34 |
| 1.1.4 Forms of Energy |
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| Analyze the forms of energy in a system, subsystems, or parts of
a system. W |
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| (10) Explain the forms of energy present in a system
(i.e., thermal energy, sound energy, light energy, electrical energy, kinetic
energy, potential energy, chemical energy, and nuclear energy). |
7.7, 7.8,
7.16, 11.18, 13.28, 15.20, 17.10, 19.9, 25.1, 28.9, 32.36, 35.9, 35.10, 44.9 |
7.5, 7.6,
7.13, 11.13, 13.21, 15.18, 17.8, 19.7, 25.1, 28.7, 32.29, 34.6, 34.7, 43.9 |
6.3, 6.4,
6.10, 12.17, 16.4, 18.6, 24.1, 26.4, 38.9 |
| (10) Compare the potential and/or kinetic energy of
parts of systems at various locations or times (i.e., kinetic energy is an
object’s energy of motion; potential energy is an object’s energy of
position). |
7.22 - 7.26, 13.28, 15.21 |
7.19 - 7.22, 13.21, 15.19 |
6.16 - 6.19, 12.17 |
| (10) Measure and describe the thermal energy of a
system, subsystem, and/or parts of a system in terms of molecular motion
(temperature) and energy from a phase change (e.g., observe, measure, and
record temperature changes over time while heating ice to boiling water). |
Chapter 19 |
Chapter 19 |
Chapter 18 |
| Component 1.2 Structures: Understand how components, structures,
organizations, and interconnections describe systems. |
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| 1.2.2 Energy Transfer and Transformation |
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| Analyze energy transfers and transformations within a
system, including energy conservation. W |
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| (9) Describe and determine the energy inputted to an
object as work (i.e., work on an object is the product of the force acting on
the object and the distance the object moves as the force acts). |
7.1 |
7.1 |
6.1 |
| (9) Describe how a machine transfers work and
transforms force and distance through a force-distance tradeoff (e.g., a
small force acting over a long distance can be transformed to a large force
acting over a short distance). |
11.1 - 11.2 |
11.1 - 11.2 |
10.1 |
| (9) Examine and explain how energy is transferred
within and among systems. |
7.7,
7.29, 11.19, 15.35, 17.10,
19.25 - 19.31, 21.1, 25.15, 32.36, 33.4, 33.33,
35.9 - 35.10, 35.17 |
7.5, 7.23, 11.14, 15.28, 17.8,
19.22 - 19.28, 21.1, 25.12, 32.29, 33.24,
34.6 - 34.7, 34.13 |
6.3, 6.20, 10.7, 14.14, 16.4, 18.17 - 18.20, 20.1, 24.7 |
| (10) Distinguish conditions likely to result in
transfers or transformations of energy from one part of a system to another
(e.g., a temperature difference may result in the flow of thermal energy from
a hot area to a cold area). |
19.7, 25.15 |
19.5, 25.12 |
18.5, 24.7 |
| (10) Describe what happens in terms of energy
conservation to a system’s total energy as energy is transferred or
transformed (e.g., energy is never “lost,” the sum of kinetic and potential
energy remains somewhat constant). |
7.22, 15.21, 33.4 |
7.19, 15.19 |
6.16 |
| (10) Explain the relationship between the motion of
particles in a substance and the transfer or transformation of thermal and
electrical energy (e.g., conduction of thermal and electrical energy as
particles collide or interact, convection of thermal energy as groups of
particles move from one place to another, and light waves transforming into
thermal energy). |
19.25 - 19.30 |
19.22 - 19.27 |
18.17 - 18.20 |
| (10) Explain how or whether a phase change, a chemical
reaction, or a nuclear reaction absorbs or releases energy in a system (e.g.,
water vapor forming rain or snow releases energy; water molecules speed up as
they absorb energy until the molecules gain enough energy to become water
vapor). |
19.21 - 19.24, 44.9 - 44.15 |
19.18 - 19.21, 43.9 - 43.15 |
18.14 - 18.16, 38.9 - 38.15 |
| 1.2.3 Structure of Matter |
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| Understand the structure of atoms, how atoms bond to form
molecules, and that molecules form solutions. W |
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| (10) Describe molecules forming a solution (e.g., salt
added to water dissolves, forming a salt water solution, until saturation
when no more salt will dissolve). |
n/a |
n/a |
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| (10) Describe how to separate mixtures and or
solutions of several different kinds of substances (e.g., sand, sugar, iron
filings). |
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| (10) Describe the structure of atoms in terms of
protons and neutrons forming the nucleus, which is surrounded by electrons
(e.g., a helium atom usually has a nucleus formed by 2 protons and 2
neutrons, which is surrounded by 2 electrons). |
44.1, 44.3 |
43.1, 43.3 |
38.1, 38.3 |
| (10) Describe how atoms bond to form molecules in terms of
transferring and/or sharing electrons (e.g., sodium atoms transfer an
electron to chlorine atoms to form salt). |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
| Component 1.3 Changes: Understand how interactions within
and among systems cause changes in matter and energy. |
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| 1.3.1 Nature of Force |
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| Analyze the forces acting on objects. W |
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| (9) Describe how machines transform forces (e.g., a long
lever allows a small downward input force to be transformed into a large
upward output force). |
11.1 - 11.2 |
11.1 - 11.2 |
10.1 |
| (9) Describe the strength (in newtons [N]) and direction of
forces acting on an object. |
Chapters 5, 6 |
Chapters 5, 6 |
Chapter 5 |
| (9) Measure and describe the sum of all the forces acting
on an object. |
Chapters 5, 6 |
Chapters 5, 6 |
Chapter 5 |
| (9) Describe how forces between objects occur, both when
the objects are touching and when the objects are apart. |
5.11, 5.12, 5.18, 5.30, 13.1, 13.10, 24.1, 30.2 |
5.11, 5.12, 5.18, 5.30, 13.1, 24.1, 30.2 |
5.11, 5.12, 5.16, 5.24, 12.1, 23.1, 28.2 |
| (9) Explain that the strength of a gravitational force
between two objects depends on the mass of the objects and the distance
between the objects. |
13.1 |
13.1 |
12.1 |
| 1.3.2 Forces to Explain Motion |
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| Analyze the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on
the motion of an object. W |
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| (9) Describe the balanced forces acting on an object
moving at a constant speed along a straight line, 1st Law of Motion (e.g., a
car traveling at a constant speed of 60 mph on a straight freeway has a force
pushing it forward balanced by frictional forces acting in the opposite
direction). |
5.1, 5.2,
Chapters 5 & 6 |
5.1, 5.2,
Chapters 5 & 6 |
5.1, 5.2,
Chapter 5 |
| (9) Explain how unbalanced forces change the speed
and/or direction of motion of different objects moving along a straight line,
2nd Law of Motion (e.g., a 2-kg object needs twice the unbalanced force to
speed up the same amount as a 1-kg object). |
5.5, 9.7, Chapters 5 & 6 |
5.5, 9.6, Chapters 5 & 6 |
5.5, 8.5, Chapter 5 |
| (9) Investigate and describe that forces always come
in pairs, 3rd Law of Motion (e.g., pull a spring scale against another spring
scale, as water blasts out of a bottle rocket two forces act — a force on the
water and an equal force on the rocket). |
5.10, 5.13, Chapters 5 & 6 |
5.10, 5.13, Chapters 5 & 6 |
5.10, 5.13, Chapter 5 |
| 1.3.3 Conservation of Matter and Energy |
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| Analyze the factors that affect physical, chemical, and
nuclear changes and understand that matter and energy are conserved. W |
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| (9) Investigate and analyze the effect of different factors
on the rate of a physical and chemical change (e.g., temperature, surface
area, pressure, catalysts). |
19.26 |
19.23 |
18.18 |
| (9) Explain how chemical changes produce substances
with different chemical properties and the same total mass. |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
| (9) Describe the products of radioactive decay in
terms of the conservation of matter and energy (e.g., a radioactive nucleus
decays into a new nucleus and emits particles and rays). |
44.15 - 44.16 |
43.15 - 43.16 |
38.15 |
| (9) Recognize and explain that the rate of radioactive
decay of a substance is constant, not affected by any factors (e.g., the
half-life of a radioactive substance is constant over a long time and a wide
range of conditions found on Earth). |
44.18 - 44.19 |
43.18 - 43.19 |
38.17 |
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