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Physics for Scientists and
Engineers |
Principles of Physics |
Conceptual Physics |
Virtual Physics Labs |
| Standard
P-1: The student will demonstrate an understanding of how scientific inquiry
and technological design, including mathematical analysis, can be used
appropriately to pose questions, seek answers, and develop solutions. |
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| Indicators |
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| P-1.1 Apply
established rules for significant digits, both in reading scientific
instruments and in calculating derived quantities from measurement. |
Covered in Factbook: Math tab: Math Review. Applied throughout
the book. |
Covered in Factbook: Math tab: Math Review. Applied throughout
the book. |
Covered in Factbook: Math tab: Math Review. Applied throughout
the book. |
All labs require application of significant digits. |
| P-1.2 Use appropriate laboratory apparatuses,
technology, and techniques safely and accurately when conducting a scientific
investigation. |
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| P-1.3 Use scientific
instruments to record measurement data in appropriate metric units that
reflect the precision and accuracy of each particular instrument. |
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All labs have computer simulations of instruments |
| P-1.4 Design a
scientific investigation with appropriate methods of control to test a
hypothesis (including independent and dependent variables), and evaluate the
designs of sample investigations. |
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·Firing a cannon
·Helicopters in flight
·Orbiting satellites
·Birds on a wire
·Pressure, volume and temperature
·Electric golf
·Investigating electric fields
·Generators and transformers |
| P-1.5 Organize and
interpret the data from a controlled scientific investigation by using
(including calculations in scientific notation, formulas, and dimensional
analysis), graphs, tables, models, diagrams, and/or technology. |
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All labs |
| P-1.6 Evaluate the
results of a controlled scientific investigation in terms of whether they
refute or verify the hypothesis. |
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All labs |
| P-1.7 Evaluate
conclusions based on qualitative and quantitative data (including the impact
of parallax, instrument malfunction, or human error) on experimental results. |
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| P-1.8 Evaluate a technological design or product
on the basis of designated criteria (including cost, time, and
materials). |
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| P-1.9 Communicate and
defend a scientific argument or conclusion. |
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All labs |
| P-1.10 Use appropriate
safety procedures when conducting investigations. |
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| Standard P-2: The student
will demonstrate an understanding of the principles of force and motion and
relationships between them. |
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| Indicators |
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| P-2.1 Represent vector quantities (including
displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force) and use vector
addition. |
Chapter 3 |
Chapter 3 |
Chapter 3 |
·Firing a cannon
·Juggling objects
·Helicopters in flight
·Navigating race tracks
·Electric golf
·Investigating electric fields
·Generators and transformers |
| P-2.2 Apply formulas for
velocity or speed and acceleration to one and two-dimensional problems. |
Chapters 2 &
4 |
Chapters 2 &
4 |
Chapters 2 &
4 |
·Skee-Ball
·Firing a cannon
·Juggling objects |
| P-2.3 Interpret the
velocity or speed and acceleration of one and two-dimensional motion on
distance-time, velocity-time or speed-time, and acceleration-time graphs. |
2.6 - 2.9,
2.12 - 2.14 |
2.6 - 2.9,
2.12 |
2.6 - 2.7,
2.10 |
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| P-2.4 Interpret the
resulting motion of objects by applying Newton’s three laws of motion:
inertia; the relationship among net force, mass, and acceleration (using F = ma); and action and reaction
forces. |
Chapters 5 &
6 |
Chapters 5 &
6 |
Chapter 5 |
·Helicopters in flight |
| P-2.5 Explain the factors
that influence the dynamics of falling objects and projectiles. |
2.26,
2.30 - 2.31,
4.8 |
2.23,
2.27,
4.7 |
2.18,
4.3 |
·Firing a cannon
·Juggling objects |
| P-2.6 Apply formulas for
velocity and acceleration to solve problems related to projectile motion. |
4.8 - 4.21 |
4.7 - 4.20 |
4.3 - 4.13 |
·Firing a cannon
·Juggling objects |
| P-2.7 Use a free-body
diagram to determine the net force and component forces acting upon an
object. |
5.14 - 5.17,
5.22 - 5.27,
5.29,
6.1 - 6.13 |
5.14 - 5.17,
5.22 - 5.27,
5.29,
6.1 - 6.13 |
5.14 - 5.15,
5.20 - 5.22
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·Helicopters in flight |
| P-2.8 Distinguish between
static and kinetic friction and the factors that affect the motion of
objects. |
5.18 - 5.20 |
5.18 - 5.20 |
5.16 - 5.18 |
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| P-2.9 Explain how torque
is affected by the magnitude, direction, and point of application of force. |
11.1 - 11.2 |
11.1 - 11.2 |
10.1 |
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| P-2.10 Explain the
relationships among speed, velocity, acceleration, and force in rotational
systems. |
Chapters 10 & 11 |
Chapters 10 & 11 |
Chapters 9 & 10 |
·Navigating race tracks |
| Standard P-3: The student
will demonstrate an understanding of the conservation, transfer, and
transformation of mechanical energy. |
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| Indicators |
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| P-3.1 Apply energy formulas to determine
potential and kinetic energy and explain the transformation from one to the
other. |
Chapter 7 |
Chapter 7 |
Chapter 6 |
·Mission to Mars |
| P-3.2 Apply the law of conservation of energy to
the transfer of mechanical energy through work. |
Chapter 7 |
Chapter 7 |
Chapter 6 |
·Mission to Mars |
| P-3.3 Explain, both
conceptually and quantitatively, how energy can transfer from one system to
another (including work, power, and efficiency). |
Chapter 7 |
Chapter 7 |
Chapter 6 |
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| P-3.4 Explain, both
conceptually and quantitatively, the factors that influence periodic motion. |
Chapter 15 |
Chapter 15 |
Chapter 14 |
·Birds on a wire |
| P-3.5 Explain the factors involved in producing a
change in momentum (including impulse and the law of conservation of momentum
in both linear and rotary systems). |
Chapter 8,
11.26 - 11.35 |
Chapter 8,
11.21 - 11.29 |
Chapter 7,
10.8 - 10.11 |
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| P-3.6 Compare elastic and inelastic collisions in
terms of conservation laws. |
8.9 - 8.21 |
8.8 - 8.19 |
7.7 - 7.13 |
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| Standard P-4: The student
will demonstrate an understanding of the properties of electricity and
magnetism and the relationships between them. |
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| Indicators |
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| P-4.1 Recognize the characteristics of static
charge and explain how a static charge is generated. |
23.1 - 23.2 |
23.1 - 23.2 |
22.1 - 22.2 |
·Electric golf |
| P-4.2 Use diagrams to
illustrate an electric field (including point charges and electric field
lines). |
24.4,
Chapter 24 |
24.4,
Chapter 24 |
23.4,
Chapter 23 |
·Investigating electric fields |
| P-4.3 Summarize current,
potential difference, and resistance in terms of electrons. |
25.14, 27.1,
27.6,
Chapters 25 & 27 |
25.11, 27.1,
27.3,
Chapters 25 & 27 |
24.6, 25.1,
25.3,
Chapters 24 & 25 |
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| P-4.4 Compare how current, voltage, and
resistance are measured in a series and in a parallel electric circuit and
identify the appropriate units of measurement. |
Chapter 29 |
Chapter 29 |
Chapter 27 |
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| P-4.5 Analyze the relationships among voltage,
resistance, and current in a complex circuit by using Ohm’s law to calculate
voltage, resistance, and current at each resistor, any branch, and the
overall circuit. |
Chapters 27 & 29 |
Chapters 27 & 29 |
Chapters 25 & 27 |
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| P-4.6 Differentiate between alternating current
(AC) and direct current (DC) in electrical circuits. |
29.1,
33.0, 33.11,
Chapters 29 & 33 |
29.1,
33.0, 33.5,
Chapters 29 & 33 |
27.1,
29.12
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·Building a radio tuner |
| P-4.7 Carry out
calculations for electric power and electric energy for circuits. |
27.13 - 27.18,
28.9, 29.3 |
27.8 - 27.13,
28.7, 29.3 |
25.7 - 25.11,
26.4, 27.3 |
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| P-4.8 Summarize the function of electrical safety
components (including fuses, surge protectors, and breakers). |
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| P-4.9 Explain the effects of magnetic forces on
the production of electrical currents and on current carrying wires and
moving charges. |
Chapters 30, 31, & 32 |
Chapters 30, 31, & 32 |
Chapters 28 & 29 |
·Generators and transformers |
| P-4.10 Distinguish between the function of motors
and generators on the basis of the use of electricity and magnetism by
each. |
30.27,
32.17 - 32.20 |
30.26,
32.14 - 32.17 |
28.19,
29.12 |
·Generators and transformers |
| P-4.11 Predict the cost of operating an electrical
device by determining the amount of electrical power and electrical energy in
the circuit. |
27.14 - 27.15 |
27.9 - 27.10 |
25.8 - 25.9 |
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| Standard P-5: The student
will demonstrate an understanding of the properties and behaviors of
mechanical and electromagnetic waves. |
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| P-5.1 Analyze the relationships among the
properties of waves (including energy, frequency, amplitude, wavelength,
period, phase, and speed). |
Chapters 15 & 16 |
Chapters 15 & 16 |
Chapters 14 & 15 |
·Birds on a wire |
| P-5.2 Compare the properties of electromagnetic
and mechanical waves. |
35.2 |
34.2 |
30.2 |
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| P-5.3 Analyze wave
behaviors (including reflection, refraction, diffraction, and constructive
and destructive interference). |
Chapters 36, 37, 39 & 40 |
Chapters 35, 36 & 37 |
Chapters 31, 32 & 33 |
·Helicopters versus submarines |
| P-5.4 Distinguish the different properties of
waves across the range of the electromagnetic spectrum. |
35.1 |
34.1 |
30.1 |
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| P-5.5 Illustrate the interaction of light waves
with optical lenses and mirrors by using Snell’s law and ray diagrams. |
Chapters 36, 37 & 38 |
Chapters 35, 36 & 37 |
Chapters 31, 32 & 33 |
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| P-5.6 Summarize the
operation of lasers and compare them to incandescent light. |
42.21 - 42.27 |
41.20 - 41.25 |
36.17 - 36.21 |
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| Two of physics standards 6 through 10
must be taught in addition to standards 1 through 5. |
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| Standard P-6: The student
will demonstrate an understanding of the properties and behaviors of sound. |
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| Indicators |
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| P-6.1 Summarize the production of sound and its
speed and transmission through various media. |
17.1,
17.4 - 17.7 |
17.1,
17.4 - 17.6 |
16.1 |
·Playing Beethoven's Fifth Symphony |
| P-6.2 Explain how
frequency and intensity affect the parts of the sonic spectrum. |
17.1 - 17.3,
17.10 |
17.1 - 17.3,
17.8 |
16.1 - 16.4 |
·Playing Beethoven's Fifth Symphony |
| P-6.3 Explain pitch,
loudness, and tonal quality in terms of wave characteristics that determine
what is heard. |
17.1 - 17.3,
17.10 - 17.11 |
17.1 - 17.3,
17.8 - 17.9 |
16.1 - 16.5 |
·Playing Beethoven's Fifth Symphony |
| P-6.4 Compare intensity
and loudness. |
17.10 |
17.8 |
16.4 |
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| P-6.5 Apply formulas to
determine the relative intensity of sound. |
17.10 - 17.11 |
17.8 - 17.9 |
16.4 - 16.5 |
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| P-6.6 Apply formulas in
order to solve for resonant wavelengths in problems involving open and closed
tubes. |
18.10 |
18.10 |
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| P-6.7 Explain the
relationship among frequency, fundamental tones, and harmonics in producing
music. |
18.7 |
18.7 |
17.4 |
·Playing Beethoven's Fifth Symphony |
| P-6.8 Explain how musical
instruments produce resonance and standing waves. |
18.2 - 18.12 |
18.2 - 18.12 |
17.2 - 17.6 |
·Playing Beethoven's Fifth Symphony |
| P-6.9 Explain how the
variables of length, width, tension, and density affect the resonant
frequency, harmonics, and pitch of a vibrating string. |
16.8, 18.7 |
16.8, 18.7 |
15.8, 17.4 |
·Playing Beethoven's Fifth Symphony |
| Standard
P-7: The student will demonstrate an
understanding of the properties and behaviors of light and optics. |
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| P-7.1 Explain the
particulate nature of light as evidenced in the photoelectric effect. |
42.6 - 42.8 |
41.6 - 41.8 |
36.5 - 36.7 |
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| P-7.2 Use the inverse
square law to determine the change in intensity of light with distance. |
35.13 |
34.10 |
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| P-7.3 Illustrate the
polarization of light. |
35.21 - 35.27 |
34.17 - 34.23 |
30.8 - 30.10 |
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| P-7.4 Summarize the
operation of fiber optics in terms of total internal reflection. |
37.12 - 37.13 |
36.11 - 36.12 |
32.8 |
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| P-7.5 Summarize image formation in microscopes
and telescopes (including reflecting and refracting). |
38.24 - 38.26 |
37.22 - 37.24 |
33.14 |
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| P-7.6 Summarize the
production of continuous, emission, or absorption spectra. |
42.2 - 42.12 |
41.2 - 41.11 |
36.2 - 36.9 |
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| P-7.7 Compare color by
transmission to color by reflection. |
35.20, 36.1 |
34.16, 35.1 |
30.7, 31.1 |
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| P-7.8 Compare color
mixing in pigments to color mixing in light. |
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| P-7.9 Illustrate the
diffraction and interference of light. |
Chapters 39 & 40 |
Chapters 38 & 39 |
Chapter 34 |
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| P-7.10 Identify the parts
of the eye and explain their function in image formation. |
38.14 - 38.16,
38.18 |
37.13 - 37.16
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33.9 - 33.12
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| Standard P-8: The student
will demonstrate an understanding of nuclear physics and modern physics. |
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| P-8.1 Compare the strong and weak nuclear forces
in terms of their roles in radioactivity. |
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| P-8.2 Compare the nuclear binding energy to the
energy released during a nuclear reaction, given the atomic masses of the
constituent particles. |
44.9 - 44.14 |
43.9 - 43.14 |
38.9 - 38.14 |
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| P-8.3 Predict the
resulting isotope of a given alpha, beta, or gamma emission. |
44.15 - 44.17 |
43.15 - 43.17 |
38.15 - 38.16 |
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| P-8.4 Apply appropriate procedures to balance
nuclear equations (including fusion, fission, alpha decay, beta decay, and
electron capture). |
44.9 - 44.17 |
43.9 - 43.17 |
38.9 - 38.16 |
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| P-8.5 Interpret a
representative nuclear decay series. |
44.17, 44.19,
44.26 |
43.17, 43.19,
43.26 |
38.16
38.23 |
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| P-8.6 Explain the
relationship between mass and energy that is represented in the equation E = mc2 according to Einstein’s special theory of relativity. |
41.23 - 41.24,
44.9 |
40.16 - 40.17,
43.9 |
35.12,
38.9 |
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| P-8.7 Compare the value
of time, length, and momentum in the reference frame of an object moving at
relativistic velocity to those values measured in the reference frame of an
observer by applying Einstein’s special theory of relativity. |
Chapter 41 |
Chapter 40 |
Chapter 35 |
·Jump into Einstein's shoes |
| Standard
P-9: The student will demonstrate an
understanding of the principles of fluid mechanics. |
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| P-9.1 Predict the behavior of fluids (including
changing forces) in pneumatic and hydraulic systems. |
14.15 |
14.15 |
13.11 |
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| P-9.2 Apply appropriate procedures to solve
problems involving pressure, force, volume, and area. |
12.14,
14.3 - 14.8 |
12.13,
14.3 - 14.8 |
11.8,
13.3 - 13.6 |
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| P-9.3 Explain the factors that affect
buoyancy. |
14.9 - 14.14 |
14.9 - 14.14 |
13.7 - 13.10 |
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| P-9.4 Explain how the rate of flow of a fluid is
affected by the size of the pipe, friction, and the viscosity of the
fluid. |
14.16 - 14.18,
14.25 |
14.16 - 14.18,
14.24 |
13.12 - 13.13
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| P-9.5 Explain how depth and fluid density affect
pressure. |
14.2 - 14.6 |
14.2 - 14.6 |
13.2 - 13.5 |
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| P-9.6 Apply fluid formulas to solve problems
involving work and power. |
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| P-9.7 Exemplify the relationship between velocity
and pressure by using Bernoulli’s principle. |
14.20 - 14.23 |
14.20 - 14.22 |
13.14 - 13.15 |
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| Standard P-10: The
student will demonstrate an understanding of the principles of
thermodynamics. |
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| P-10.1 Summarize the
first and second laws of thermodynamics. |
21.1, 22.2 |
21.1, 22.2 |
20.1, 21.2 |
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| P-10.2 Explain the
relationship among internal energy, heat, and work. |
21.1 |
21.1 |
20.1 |
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| P-10.3 Exemplify the
concept of entropy. |
22.5 - 22.8 |
22.5 - 22.8 |
21.4 - 21.5 |
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| P-10.4 Explain thermal
expansion in solids, liquids, and gases in terms of kinetic theory and the
unique behavior of water. |
19.10 - 19.15 |
19.8 - 19.13 |
18.7 - 18.11 |
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| P-10.5 Differentiate heat
and temperature in terms of molecular motion. |
19.7, 20.10 |
19.5, 20.10 |
18.5, 19.9 |
·Pressure, volume and temperature |
| P-10.6 Summarize the
concepts involved in phase change. |
19.21 |
19.18 |
18.14 |
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| P-10.7 Apply the concepts of heat capacity,
specific heat, and heat exchange to solve calorimetry problems. |
19.16 - 19.18,
19.20 |
19.14 - 19.15,
19.17 |
18.12 - 18.13
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| P-10.8 Summarize the
functioning of heat transfer mechanisms (including engines and refrigeration
systems). |
Chapters 21 & 22 |
Chapters 21 & 22 |
Chapters 20 & 21 |
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