| Science Curriculum Framework: Physics |
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Physics for Scientists and
Engineers |
Principles of Physics |
Conceptual Physics |
| Strand: Motion and Forces |
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| Standard
1: Students shall understand one-dimensional motion. |
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| MF.1.P.1 Compare and
contrast scalar and vector quantities |
3.1 - 3.2 |
3.1 - 3.2 |
3.1 - 3.2 |
| MF.1.P.2 Solve problems involving constant and average velocity:
v = d/t, vave = Δd/Δt |
2.3 - 2.4 |
2.3 - 2.4 |
2.3 - 2.4 |
MF.1.P.3 Apply
kinematic equations to calculate distance, time, or velocity under conditions
of constant acceleration:
a = v/t, aave = Δv/Δt
Δx = ˝(vi + vf)Δt
vf = vi + aΔt
Δx = viΔt + ˝a(Δt)2
vf2 = vi2 + 2aΔx |
Chapter 2 |
Chapter 2 |
Chapter 2 |
MF.1.P.4 Compare graphic
representations of motion:
d-t
v-t
a-t |
2.6 - 2.9, 2.14, 15.15 |
2.6 - 2.9, 15.13 |
2.6 - 2.7 |
MF.1.P.5 Calculate the
components of a free falling object at various points in motion:
vf2 = vi2 + 2aΔy
Where a = gravity
(g) |
2.26 - 2.29 |
2.23 - 2.26 |
2.18 - 2.19 |
| MF.1.P.6 Compare and
contrast contact force (e.g.,
friction) and field forces (e.g., gravitational force) |
5.1, 5.4, 5.11, 5.12, 5.18, 13.1, 23.7, 30.1 |
5.1, 5.4, 5.11, 5.12, 5.18, 13.1, 23.7, 30.1 |
5.1, 5.4, 5.11, 5.12, 5.16, 12.1, 22.6, 28.1 |
| MF.1.P.7 Draw free body
diagrams of all forces acting upon an object |
5.14 - 5.15 |
5.14 - 5.15 |
5.14 - 5.15 |
| MF.1.P.8 Calculate the
applied forces represented in a free body diagram |
Chapters 5 & 6 |
Chapters 5 & 6 |
Chapter 5 |
| MF.1.P.9 Apply Newton’s
first law of motion to show balanced and unbalanced forces |
5.2, Chapters 5 & 6 |
5.2, Chapters 5 & 6 |
5.2, Chapter 5 |
| MF.1.P.10 Apply Newton’s
second law of motion to solve motion problems that involve constant forces: F = ma |
5.5, Chapters 5 & 6 |
5.5, Chapters 5 & 6 |
Chapter 5 |
| MF.1.P.11 Apply Newton’s third law of motion to
explain action-reaction pairs |
5.10, Chapters 5 & 6 |
5.10, Chapters 5 & 6 |
5.10, Chapter 5 |
MF.1.P.12 Calculate
frictional forces (i.e., kinetic and static):
μk = Fk/Fn, μs = Fs/Fn |
5.18 - 5.20 |
5.18 - 5.20 |
5.16 - 5.18 |
MF.1.P.13 Calculate the
magnitude of the force of friction:
Ff = μFn |
5.18 - 5.20 |
5.18 - 5.20 |
5.16 - 5.18 |
| Standard
2: Students shall understand two-dimensional motion. |
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| MF.2.P.1 Calculate the
resultant vector of a moving object |
3.5 - 3.6 |
3.5 - 3.6 |
3.5 - 3.6 |
MF.2.P.2 Resolve
two-dimensional vectors into their components:
dx = d cos θ, dy = d sin θ |
3.11 |
3.11 |
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MF.2.P.3 Calculate the
magnitude and direction of a vector from its components:
d2 = x2 + y2, tan–1θ = x/y |
3.12 |
3.12 |
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MF.2.P.4 Solve
two-dimensional problems using balanced forces:
W = T sin θ
Where W = weight;
T = tension |
Chapters 5 & 6 |
Chapters 5 & 6 |
Chapter 5 |
| MF.2.P.5 Solve
two-dimensional problems using the Pythagorean Theorem or the quadratic
formula. |
4.24 |
4.23 |
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| MF.2.P.6 Describe the
path of a projectile as a parabola |
4.12 |
4.11 |
4.7 |
MF.2.P.7 Apply
kinematic equations to solve problems involving projectile motion of an
object launched at an angle:
vx = vi cos θ = constant
Δx = vi(cos θ)Δt
vyf = vi(sin θ) – gΔt
vyf2 = vi2 (sin θ)2 – 2gΔy
Δy = vi(sin θ)Δt –
˝g(Δt)2 |
Chapter 4 |
Chapter 4 |
Chapter 4 |
| MF.2.P.8 Apply kinematic
equations to solve problems involving projectile motion of an object launched
with initial horizontal velocity |
Chapter 4 |
Chapter 4 |
Chapter 4 |
MF.2.P.9 Calculate
rotational motion with a constant force directed toward the center:
Fc = mv2/r |
9.7 - 9.9 |
9.6 - 9.8 |
8.5 |
MF.2.P.10 Solve problems
in circular motion by using centripetal acceleration:
ac = v2/r = 4π2r/T2 |
Chapter 9 |
Chapter 9 |
Chapter 8 |
| Standard 3: Students shall understand the dynamics of rotational
equilibrium. |
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MF.3.P.1 Relate radians
to degrees:
Δθ = Δs/r
Where Δs =
arc length; r =
radius |
1.19, 10.1 |
1.19, 10.1 |
1.13, 9.1 |
MF.3.P.2 Calculate the
magnitude of torque on an object:
τ = Fd (sin θ) |
11.1 - 11.2 |
11.1 - 11.2 |
10.1
(τ = rF only) |
MF.3.P.3 Calculate
angular speed and angular acceleration:
ωave = Δθ/Δt, α = Δω/Δt |
10.3 - 10.6 |
10.3 - 10.6 |
9.3 - 9.6 |
MF.3.P.4 Solve problems
using kinematic equations for angular motion:
ωf = ωi + αΔt
Δθ = ωiΔt + ˝α(Δt)2
ωf2 = ωi2 + 2αΔθ
Δθ = ˝(ωi + ωf)Δt |
10.9 - 10.13 |
10.7 - 10.10 |
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MF.3.P.5 Solve problems
involving tangential speed:
vt = rω |
10.14, 10.16 |
10.11, 10.13 |
9.7, 9.9 |
MF.3.P.6 Solve problems
involving tangential acceleration:
at = rα |
10.15, 10.17 |
10.12, 10.14 |
9.8 |
MF.3.P.7 Calculate
centripetal acceleration:
ac = rω2, ac = vt2/r |
9.4 |
9.4 |
8.3 |
| MF.3.P.8 Apply Newton’s
universal law of gravitation to find the gravitational force between two
masses |
13.1, 13.9, 13.11 |
13.1, 13.7 |
12.1 |
| Standard 4: Students shall understand the relationship between
work and energy. |
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MF.4.P.1 Calculate net
work done by a constant net force:
Wnet = Fnetd cos θ |
7.1 |
7.1 |
6.1 |
| MF.4.P.2 Solve problems
relating kinetic energy and potential energy to the work-energy theorem: Wnet = ΔKE |
7.9 - 7.14, 7.17 |
7.7 - 7.11, 7.14 |
6.5 - 6.8, 6.11 |
MF.4.P.3 Solve problems
through the application of conservation of mechanical energy:
MEi = MEf
˝mvi2 + mghi = ˝mvf2 + mghf |
7.22 - 7.25 |
7.19 - 7.22 |
6.16 - 6.19 |
| MF.4.P.4 Relate the
concepts of time and energy to power |
7.15 |
7.12 |
6.9 |
MF.4.P.5 Prove the
relationship of time, energy and power through problem solving:
P = W/Δt, P = Fv
Where P = power; W = work; F = force; v = velocity; t = time |
7.15 |
7.12 |
6.9 |
| Standard 5: Students shall understand the law of conservation of
momentum. |
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| MF.5.P.1 Describe changes
in momentum in terms of force and time |
8.3 - 8.4 |
8.3 |
7.3 |
MF.5.P.2 Solve problems
using the impulse-momentum theorem:
FΔt = Δp, FΔt = mvf – mvi
Where Δp = change in momentum; FΔt = impulse |
8.3 - 8.6 |
8.3 - 8.5 |
7.3 - 7.4 |
MF.5.P.3 Compare total
momentum of two objects before and after they interact:
m1v1i + m2v2i = m1v1f + m2v2f |
8.7 - 8.10 |
8.6 - 8.9 |
7.5 - 7.7 |
MF.5.P.4 Solve problems
for perfectly inelastic and elastic collisions:
m1v1i + m2v2i = (m1 + m2)vf′
m1v1i + m2v2i = m1v1f + m2v2f |
8.11 - 8.21 |
8.10 - 8.19 |
7.8 - 7.13 |
| Standard 6: Students shall understand the concepts of fluid mechanics. |
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MF.6.P.1 Calibrate the
applied buoyant force to determine if the object will sink or float:
FB = Fg(displaced fluid) = mfg |
14.9 - 14.14 |
14.9 - 14.14 |
13.7 - 13.10 |
MF.6.P.2 Apply Pascal’s
principle to an enclosed fluid system:
P = F1/A1 = F2/A2
Where P =
pressure |
14.15 |
14.15 |
13.11 |
MF.6.P.3 Apply
Bernoulli’s equation to solve fluid-flow problems:
p = ˝ρv2 + ρgh = constant
Where ρ =
density |
14.20 - 14.23 |
14.20 - 14.22 |
13.14 - 13.15 |
MF.6.P.4 Use the
ideal gas law to predict the properties of an ideal gas under different
conditions
PV = NkBT
N = number of gas
particles
kB = Boltzmann's constant (1.38x10-23 J/K)
T =
temperature
PV = nRT
n = number of
moles (1 mole = 6.022x1023 particles)
R = molar gas
constant (8.31 J/mol·K)
T = temperature |
20.5 - 20.8 |
20.5 - 20.8 |
19.5 - 19.8 |
| Strand:
Heat and Thermodynamics |
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| Standard 7: Students
shall understand the effects of thermal energy on particles and systems. |
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HT.7.P.1 Perform specific
heat capacity calculations:
Cp = Q/(mΔT) |
19.16 - 19.19 |
19.14 - 19.16 |
18.12 - 18.13 |
HT.7.P.2 Perform
calculations involving latent heat:
Q = mL |
19.22 - 19.24 |
19.19 - 19.21 |
18.15 - 18.16 |
| HT.7.P.3 Interpret the
various sections of a heating curve diagram |
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HT.7.P.4 Calculate
heat energy of the different phase changes of a substance:
Q = mCpΔT
Q = mLf
Q = mLv
Where Lf = Latent heat of fusion; Lv = Latent heat of
vaporization |
19.16 - 19.19,
19.22 - 19.24,
19.32 |
19.14 - 19.16,
19.19 - 19.21,
19.29 |
18.12 - 18.13,
18.15 - 18.16,
18.21 |
| Standard
8: Students shall apply the two laws
of thermodynamics. |
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| HT.8.P.1 Describe how the
first law of thermodynamics is a statement of energy conversion |
21.1 |
21.1 |
20.1 |
HT.8.P.2 Calculate
heat, work, and the change in internal energy by applying the first law of
thermodynamics:
ΔU = Q – W
Where ΔU = change in system's internal energy |
Chapter 21 |
Chapter 21 |
Chapter 20 |
HT.8.P.3 Calculate
the efficiency of a heat engine by using the second law of
thermodynamics:
Eff = Wnet/Qh = (Qh – Qc)/Qh = 1 – Qc/Qh
Where Qh = energy added as heat; Qc = energy removed as
heat |
22.1, 22.11, 22.14, 22.15, 22.23 |
22.1,
22.12 - 22.14,
22.18 |
21.1, 21.8, 21.9, 21.12 |
| HT.8.P.4 Distinguish
between entropy changes within systems and the entropy change for the
universe as a whole |
22.5 - 22.8,
22.18 - 22.21 |
22.5 - 22.8 |
21.4 - 21.6 |
| Strand:
Waves and Optics |
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| Standard 9: Students shall distinguish between simple harmonic motion and
waves. |
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| WO.9.P.1 Explain how force, velocity, and
acceleration change as an object vibrates with simple harmonic motion |
15.1, 15.10, 15.12 |
15.1, 15.9, 15.11 |
14.1, 14.7, 14.8 |
WO.9.P.2 Calculate the
spring force using Hooke’s law:
Felastic = –kx
Where –k = spring
constant |
5.28 - 5.29 |
5.28 - 5.29 |
5.23 |
WO.9.P.3 Calculate the
period and frequency of an object vibrating with a simple harmonic
motion:
T = 2π√(L/g), f = 1/T
Where T = period |
15.4,
15. 25 - 15.31 |
15.3,
15.22 - 15.26 |
14.3,
14.9 - 14.12 |
| WO.9.P.4 Differentiate between pulse and periodic
waves |
16.3 |
16.3 |
15.3 |
| WO.9.P.5 Relate energy
and amplitude |
16.19 |
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| Standard
10: Students shall compare and
contrast the law of reflection and the law of refraction. |
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| WO.10.P.1 Calculate the
frequency and wavelength of electromagnetic radiation |
16.7 |
16.7 |
15.7 |
| WO.10.P.2 Apply the law
of reflection for flat mirrors: θin = θout |
36.5 - 36.7 |
35.5 - 35.7 |
31.5 - 31.6 |
| WO.10.P.3 Describe the
images formed by flat mirrors |
36.3 - 36.4 |
35.3 - 35.4 |
31.3 - 31.4 |
WO.10.P.4 Calculate
distances and focal lengths for curved mirrors:
1/p + 1/q = 2/R
Where p = object
distance; q = image
distance; R =
radius of curvature |
36.10,
36.18 - 36.20 |
35.10,
35.16 - 35.18 |
31.9,
31.15 - 31.17 |
| WO.10.P.5 Draw ray
diagrams to find the image distance and magnification for curved mirrors |
36.14 - 36.17 |
35.12 - 35.15 |
31.11 - 31.14 |
WO.10.P.6 Solve problems
using Snell’s law:
ni(sin θi) = nr(sin θr) |
37.3 - 37.4 |
36.3 - 36.4 |
32.3 - 32.4 |
WO.10.P.7 Calculate
the index of refraction through various media using the following
equation:
n = c/v
Where n = index
of refraction; c =
speed of light in a vacuum; v = speed of light in medium |
37.2 |
36.2 |
32.2 |
| WO.10.P.8 Use a ray
diagram to find the position of an image produced by a lens |
38.2 - 38.6 |
37.2 - 37.6 |
33.2 - 33.6 |
WO.10.P.9 Solve problems
using the thin-lens equation:
1/p + 1/q = 1/f
Where p = object
distance; q = image
distance; f = focal
length |
38.7 - 38.12 |
37.7 - 37.11 |
33.7 - 33.8 |
WO.10.P.10 Calculate the
magnification of lenses:
M = h′/h = –q/p
Where M =
magnification; h′
= image height; h =
object height; q =
image distance; p =
object distance |
38.7, 38.10,
38.12 |
37.7, 37.10, 37.11 |
33.7 - 33.8 |
| Strand:
Electricity and Magnetism |
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| Standard 11: Students shall understand the relationship between electric forces and electric fields. |
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EM.11.P.1 Calculate
electric force using Coulomb’s law:
F = kc(q1q2)/r2
Where kc = Coulomb's constant 8.99×109 N·m2/C2 |
23.9 - 23.11,
23.13 - 23.14 |
23.9 - 23.11,
23.13 - 23.14 |
22.8 - 22.10 |
EM.11.P.2 Calculate
electric field strength:
E = Felectric/q0 |
24.1 |
24.1 |
23.1 |
| EM.11.P.3 Draw and interpret electric field
lines |
24.4 - 24.6 |
24.4 - 24.6 |
23.4 - 23.6 |
| Standard 12: Students shall understand the relationship between
electric energy and capacitance. |
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EM.12.P.1 Calculate
electrical potential energy:
PEelectric = –qEd |
25.1 - 25.2 |
25.1 - 25.2 |
24.1 - 24.2 |
EM.12.P.2 Compute the
electric potential for various charge distributions:
ΔV = ΔPEelectric/q |
25.8 - 25.13 |
25.7 - 25.10 |
24.4 - 24.5 |
EM.12.P.3 Calculate the
capacitance of various devices:
C = Q/ΔV |
28.1 - 28.8 |
28.1 - 28.6 |
26.1 - 26.3 |
| EM.12.P.4 Construct a
circuit to produce a pre-determined value of an Ohm’s law variable |
Chapters 27 & 29 |
Chapters 27 & 29 |
Chapters 25 & 27 |
| Standard 13: Students
shall understand how magnetism relates to induced and alternating currents. |
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| EM.13.P.1 Determine the
strength of a magnetic field |
30.6,
Chapters 30 - 32 |
30.7,
Chapters 30 - 32 |
28.7,
Chapters 28 & 29 |
| EM.13.P.2 Use the first
right-hand rule to find the direction of the force on the charge moving
through a magnetic field |
30.6 |
30.7 |
28.7 |
| EM.13.P.3 Determine the
magnitude and direction of the force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic
field |
30.23 |
30.22 |
28.18 |
| EM.13.P.4 Describe how
the change in the number of magnetic field lines through a circuit loop
affects the magnitude and direction of the induced current |
32.1 - 32.2, 32.5, 32.7 |
32.1 - 32.2, 32.5, 32.7 |
29.1 - 29.2,
29.5, 29.7 |
EM.13.P.5 Calculate the
induced electromagnetic field (emf) and current using Faraday’s law of
induction:
emf = –NΔ[AB(cos θ)]/Δt
Where N = number
of loops in the circuit |
32.7 - 32.12 |
32.7 - 32.10 |
29.7 - 29.8 |
| Strand: Nuclear Physics |
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| Standard 14: Students
shall understand the concepts of quantum mechanics as they apply to the atomic spectrum. |
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NP.14.P.1 Calculate
energy quanta using Planck’s equation:
E = hf |
42.4 - 42.5 |
41.4 - 41.5 |
36.3 - 36.4 |
NP.14.P.2 Calculate the
de Broglie wavelength of matter:
λ = h/p = h/(mv) |
43.4 - 43.5,
43.7 |
42.4 - 42.5,
42.7 |
37.2 |
| NP.14.P.3 Distinguish
between classical ideas of measurement and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle |
43.11 |
42.10 |
37.6 |
| NP.14.P.4 Research
emerging theories in physics, such as string theory |
44.22 |
43.22 |
38.19 |
| Standard 15: Students
shall understand the process of nuclear decay. |
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| NP.15.P.1 Calculate the
binding energy of various nuclei |
44.9 - 44.11 |
43.9 - 43.11 |
38.9 - 38.11 |
| NP.15.P.2 Predict the
products of nuclear decay |
44.13 - 44.17 |
43.13 - 43.17 |
38.13 - 38.16 |
| NP.15.P.3 Calculate the
decay constant and the half-life of a radioactive substance |
44.18 - 44.21 |
43.18 - 43.21 |
38.17 - 38.18 |
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