Table of Contents
00 Introduction
00 Welcome to an electronic physics textbook!
01 Whiteboards
02 Interactive problems
03 Sample problems and derivations
04 Interactive checkpoints
05 Quizboards
06 Highlighting and notes
07 Online Homework
08 Finding what you need in this book
01 Measurement and Mathematics
00 Introduction
01 The metric system and the Système International d’Unités
02 Prefixes
03 Scientific notation
04 Standards and constants
05 Length
06 Time
07 Mass
08 Converting units
09 Interactive problem: converting units
10 Dimensional analysis
11 Multiplying numbers in scientific notation
12 Dividing numbers in scientific notation
13 Adding and subtracting numbers in scientific notation
14 Sample problem: conversions
15 Interactive checkpoint: conversions
16 Interactive checkpoint: cheeseburgers or gasoline?
17 Pythagorean theorem
18 Trigonometric functions
19 Radians
20 Sample problem: trigonometry
21 Interactive checkpoint: trigonometry
22 Interactive summary problem: dock the shuttle
23 Gotchas
24 Summary
02 Motion in One Dimension
00 Introduction
01 Position
02 Displacement
03 Velocity
04 Average velocity
05 Instantaneous velocity
06 Position-time graph and velocity
07 Interactive problem: draw a position-time graph
08 Interactive problem: match a graph using velocity
09 Velocity graph and displacement
10 Acceleration
11 Average acceleration
12 Instantaneous acceleration
13 Calculus and motion
14 Sample problem: calculus and motion
15 Interactive problem: tortoise and hare scandal
16 Sample problem: velocity and acceleration
17 Interactive checkpoint: subway train
18 Interactive problem: what’s wrong with the rabbits?
19 Derivation: creating new equations
20 Motion equations for constant acceleration
21 Sample problem: a sprinter
22 Sample problem: initial and final velocity
23 Interactive checkpoint: passenger jet
24 Derivation: a motion equation via calculus
25 Interactive problem: tortoise and hare meet again
26 Free-fall acceleration
27 Sample problem: free fall
28 Interactive problem: soccer on the Moon
29 Interactive checkpoint: penny drop
30 Spreadsheet: modeling air resistance
31 Derivation: modeling air resistance, using calculus
32 Interactive derivation: slamming on the brakes
33 Interactive problem: shuffleboard
34 Gotchas
35 Summary
04 Motion in Two and Three Dimensions
00 Introduction
01 Displacement in two dimensions
02 Velocity in two dimensions
03 Sample problem: velocity in two dimensions
04 Acceleration in two dimensions
05 Sample problem: acceleration in two dimensions
06 Interactive checkpoint: acceleration in two dimensions
07 Multidimensional motion: calculus
08 Projectile motion
09 Sample problem: a horizontal cannon
10 Interactive problem: the monkey and the professor
11 Interactive checkpoint: golfing
12 Projectile motion: juggling
13 Sample problem: calculating initial velocity in projectile motion
14 Interactive problem: the monkey and the professor, part II
15 Projectile motion: aiming a cannon
16 Sample problem: a cannon’s range
17 Interactive checkpoint: clown cannon
18 Interactive checkpoint: soccer kick
19 Interactive problem: the human cannonball
20 Interactive problem: test your juggling!
21 The range and elevation equations
22 Reference frames
23 Relative velocity
24 Sample problem: relative velocity
25 Galilean transformation equations
26 Gotchas
27 Summary
07 Work, Energy and Power
00 Introduction
01 Work
02 Dot product
03 Work done by a variable force
04 Work done by a variable force: calculus
05 Derivation: work, multi-dimensional forces and calculus
06 Interactive checkpoint: work
07 Energy
08 Kinetic energy
09 Work-kinetic energy theorem
10 Derivation: work-kinetic energy theorem
11 Derivation: using calculus to relate kinetic energy and work
12 Sample problem: work-kinetic energy theorem
13 Interactive problem: work-kinetic energy theorem
14 Interactive checkpoint: a spaceship
15 Power
16 Potential energy
17 Work and gravitational potential energy
18 Sample problem: potential energy and Niagara Falls
19 Interactive checkpoint: an elevator
20 Work and energy
21 Conservative and non-conservative forces
22 Conservation of energy
23 Sample problem: conservation of energy
24 Interactive checkpoint: conservation of energy
25 Interactive problem: conservation of energy
26 Potential energy curves
27 Derivation: force and potential energy curves
28 Potential energy and equilibrium
29 Friction and conservation of energy
30 Interactive problem: a non-conservative force
31 Interactive problem: a non-conservative force, part II
32 Review of forces, work and energy
33 Interactive summary problem: work, energy and power
34 Gotchas
35 Summary
10 Rotational Kinematics
00 Introduction
01 Angular position
02 Angular displacement
03 Angular velocity
04 Angular acceleration
05 Sample problem: a clock
06 Interactive checkpoint: a potter’s wheel
07 Rotational motion and calculus
08 Deriving an equation for rotational motion
09 Equations for rotational motion with constant acceleration
10 Sample problem: a carousel
11 Interactive checkpoint: roulette
12 Sample problem: calculus and angular acceleration
13 Interactive problem: launch the rocket
14 Tangential velocity
15 Tangential acceleration
16 Interactive checkpoint: a marching band
17 Tangential and centripetal acceleration
18 Vectors and angular motion
19 Interactive summary problem: 11.6 seconds to liftoff
20 Gotchas
21 Summary
13 Gravity and Orbits
00 Introduction
01 Newton’s law of gravitation
02 G and g
03 Shell theorem
04 Shell theorem: inside the sphere
05 Sample problem: gravitational force inside the Earth
06 Derivation: shell theorem
07 Earth’s composition and g
08 Gravitational forces and multiple bodies
09 Sample problem: gravitational force of multiple bodies
10 Gravitational fields
11 Interactive checkpoint: gravitation
12 Newton’s cannon
13 Interactive problem: Newton’s cannon
14 Circular orbits
15 Sample problem: speed of an orbiting satellite
16 Interactive problem: intercept the orbiting satellite
17 Interactive problem: dock with an orbiting space station
18 Kepler’s first law
19 More on ellipses and orbits
20 Interactive checkpoint: elliptical orbit
21 Kepler’s second law
22 Angular momentum and orbits
23 Sample problem: a satellite in elliptical orbit
24 Kepler’s third law
25 Sample problem: the period of the Moon
26 Derivation: Kepler’s third law
27 Interactive problem: geosynchronous satellite
28 Orbits and energy
29 Sample problem: energy and orbital radius
30 Interactive checkpoint: Kepler’s third law and energy
31 Sample problem: energy of a rocket to the Moon
32 Interactive problem: a rocket mission to Mars
33 Escape speed
34 Gotchas
35 Summary
15 Oscillations and Harmonic Motion
00 Introduction
01 Simple harmonic motion
02 Simple harmonic motion: graph and equation
03 Spreadsheet: modeling simple harmonic motion
04 Period and frequency
05 Angular frequency
06 Amplitude
07 Interactive problem: match the curve
08 Phase and phase constant
09 Sample problem: graph equation
10 Velocity
11 Interactive checkpoint: particle speed
12 Acceleration
13 SHM equations and calculus
14 Sample problem: calculating period from acceleration
15 Summary of simple harmonic motion
16 Simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion
17 Period, spring constant, and mass
18 Interactive problem: match the curve again
19 Sample problem: isolation platform
20 Work and the potential energy of a spring
21 Total energy
22 Derivation: SHM total energy
23 Interactive checkpoint: spring energy and period
24 Sample problem: falling block on a spring
25 A torsional pendulum
26 A simple pendulum
27 Derivation: small angle approximation
28 Derivation: the period of a simple pendulum
29 Interactive problem: a pendulum
30 Period of a physical pendulum
31 Sample problem: meter-stick pendulum
32 Damped oscillations
33 Mathematics of damped oscillations
34 Interactive checkpoint: damping
35 Forced oscillations and resonance
36 Amplitude of forced oscillations
37 Gotchas
38 Summary
21 First Law of Thermodynamics
00 Introduction
01 First law of thermodynamics
02 James Joule and the first law
03 Heat engines
04 The ideal gas law and heat engines
05 Engine processes
06 Pressure-volume graphs and heat engines
07 Work and pressure-volume graphs
08 Derivation: pressure, volume, and work with calculus
09 Pressure-volume graphs, engine cycles and work
10 Classifying thermal processes
11 Constant-volume processes
12 Molar specific heat: constant volume
13 Sample problem: melting ice
14 Interactive checkpoint: a constant-volume process
15 Degrees of freedom
16 Isobaric processes
17 Molar specific heat: constant pressure
18 Derivation: molar specific heat equation
19 Interactive checkpoint: a process with hydrogen
20 Adiabatic processes
21 Adiabatic processes, ideal gas
22 Derivation: adiabatic equation for pressure and volume
23 Isothermal processes
24 Derivation: work done by gas during an isothermal process
25 Interactive checkpoint: a process with argon
26 Stirling engine
27 Sample problem: Stirling engine and work
28 Interactive summary problem: an engine cycle
29 Gotchas
30 Summary
23 Electric Charge and Coulomb's Law
00 Introduction
01 Electric charge
02 Creating charged objects
03 Conservation of charge
04 Sample problem: charge conservation in nuclear decay
05 Conductors, insulators, and grounds
06 Interactive problem: charged rods
07 Electrostatic force
08 Inducing an electric charge
09 Coulomb’s law: calculating electrostatic forces
10 Sample problem: electric vs. gravitational force
11 Interactive checkpoint: electric vs. gravitational force
12 Superposition of electrostatic forces
13 Sample problem: net force on a charge
14 Interactive checkpoint: charges on a line
15 Physics at work: laser printers
16 Interactive summary problem: proton golf
17 Interactive group problem: minesweeper
18 Gotchas
19 Summary
24 Electric Fields
00 Introduction
01 Electric fields
02 Electric fields and Coulomb’s law
03 Interactive checkpoint: electric field
04 Electric field diagrams
05 Interactive problem: fields and forces
06 Electric fields caused by multiple charges
07 Sample problem: calculate the net field of two charges
08 Sample problem: calculate the net field of three charges
09 Drawing field diagrams for multiple charges
10 Describing the force exerted by an external electric field
11 Interactive checkpoint: work on a charge
12 Interactive problem: the alpha cannon
13 Physics at work: spacecraft powered by electric fields
14 Sample problem: field strength of an ion drive
15 Interactive problem: tune the rocket’s drive field
16 Conductors in electrostatic equilibrium
17 Electric dipoles
18 Electric field of a dipole
19 Gotchas
20 Summary
26 Electric Flux and Gauss' Law
00 Introduction
01 Flux
02 Interactive checkpoint: electric flux
03 Interactive problem: determining flux
04 Gaussian surfaces
05 Gauss’ law
06 Gauss’ law and calculus
07 Applying Gauss’ law
08 Derivation: Coulomb’s law from Gauss’ law
09 Interactive checkpoint: Gauss’ law
10 Interactive problem: Gaussian spheres
11 Derivation: Gauss’ law
12 Sample problem: Gauss’ law and a charged rod
13 Sample problem: Gauss’ law and a charged plane
14 Sample problem: Gauss’ law and a charged sphere
15 Electric field of two infinite planes: a capacitor
16 Interactive group problem: shell game
17 Gotchas
18 Summary
33 Alternating Current Circuits
00 Introduction
01 Inductor-capacitor (LC) circuits
02 LC oscillations quantified
03 Sample problem: LC angular frequency
04 Energy in an LC circuit
05 Derivation: the LC equations
06 Interactive checkpoint: LC circuit
07 RLC circuit: damped oscillations
08 Sample problem: RLC capacitor discharge
09 Interactive checkpoint: RLC oscillations
10 Derivation: damping in an RLC circuit
11 An AC generator, its emf, and AC current
12 Interactive problem: alternating current
13 Phasors
14 Phasors and phase differences
15 Alternating current and a resistor
16 Sample problem: interpreting a sinusoidal function
17 AC capacitor circuit: phase differences
18 Capacitive reactance
19 Derivation: capacitor circuit equations
20 Interactive checkpoint: AC capacitor circuit
21 AC inductor circuit: phase differences
22 Inductive reactance
23 Derivation: inductor circuit equations
24 Interactive problem: angular frequency and reactance
25 Interactive problem: phase differences of components
26 A generator and an RLC circuit: impedance
27 Sample problem: RLC maximum current
28 Sample problem: RLC phase difference and angular frequency
29 Derivation: RLC impedance and phase constant
30 Resonance frequency in a series AC RLC circuit
31 Rms power in AC resistor circuits
32 Derivation: mean square and rms averages of the sine
33 Power in AC RLC circuits
34 Derivation: power equations in AC circuits
35 Interactive problem: RLC radio tuner
36 Gotchas
37 Summary
38 Lenses
00 Introduction
01 Lenses
02 Converging lens: ray-tracing diagram
03 Diverging lens: ray-tracing diagram
04 Interactive problem: image with a diverging lens
05 Sample problem: object outside the focal point of a converging lens
06 Sample problem: object inside the focal point of a converging lens
07 Lens equations
08 Sample problem: single lens
09 Interactive problem: focus a camera
10 Interactive problem: optical bench with a lens
11 Derivation: the lens equations
12 Interactive checkpoint: lens equations
13 Multiple lenses: compound microscope
14 The human eye
15 Nearsightedness
16 Farsightedness
17 Hindsight
18 Physics at work: laser eye surgery
19 Refractive power: diopters
20 Angular size
21 Angular magnifying power: simple magnifier
22 Derivation: simple magnifier equation
23 Interactive checkpoint: simple magnifier
24 Telescopes
25 The magnifying power of a refracting telescope
26 The magnifying power of a compound microscope
27 Lens aberrations
28 Gotchas
29 Summary
41 Special Relativity
00 Introduction
01 Reference frames
02 Events and observers
03 Light can travel through a vacuum
04 Speed of light: absolute
05 Simultaneity, or the lack thereof
06 Spacetime diagrams
07 Interactive problem: Conduct Einstein's simultaneity experiment
08 Time dilation
09 Interactive checkpoint: time dilation
10 Exploring and deriving time dilation
11 Interactive problem: Experiment with the light clock
12 Length contraction
13 Exploring and deriving length contraction
14 Lorentz transformation equations
15 Sample problem: apply the Lorentz transformations
16 Relative velocity at relativistic speeds
17 Lorentz transformation equations and relative velocities
18 Interactive checkpoint: Lorentz transformations and baseball
19 Doppler shift for light
20 Derivation: Doppler shift equation
21 Transverse Doppler effect
22 Relativistic linear momentum
23 Mass and energy
24 “E equals mc squared”: a thought experiment
25 Total energy: relativistic vs. Newtonian kinetic energy
26 Interactive checkpoint: accelerated electron
27 Gotchas
28 Summary
42 Quantum Part One
00 Introduction
01 Quantum
02 Balmer series
03 Planck and blackbody radiation
04 Photons
05 Sample problem: solar radiance
06 Photoelectric effect
07 Sample problem: photoelectric effect
08 Interactive problem: lasers
09 Bohr atom
10 Derivation: Bohr radius
11 Derivation: quantized orbits and energy levels
12 Energy levels, photons and spectral lines
13 Interactive checkpoint: photons and electron energy levels
14 Conduction in solids
15 Mobile electrons and holes
16 Doping
17 p-n junction
18 Physics at work: junction rectifiers
19 Physics at work: MOSFET transistors
20 Physics at work: photovoltaic cells
21 Lasers
22 Laser pumping and stimulated emission
23 Population inversion
24 Physics at work: operating a laser
25 Sample problem: ruby laser
26 Boltzmann and population inversion
27 Interactive checkpoint: a Nd:YAG laser
28 Gotchas
29 Summary
 
 
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